In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of competitive anxiety and the relationship with cognitive variables when classifying athletes according to the severity of depressive symptoms, and to explore variables that could lead to intervention. The survey subjects were 603 students enrolled in a sports university. As a result, in terms of characteristics according to the severity of the athletes, there was no significant difference between asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic athletes, and the relationship between competitive anxiety and cognitive variables changed over time. However, it was shown that the relationship between competitive anxiety and cognitive variables became stronger when athletes had moderate or severe symptoms.